The Universal Declaration Of Human Rights - 1537 Words

The Universal Declaration of Human Rights, which is a declaration that represents the first global expression of rights to which all human beings are inherently entitled, states that everyone has the right to education, which shall be free, at least in the elementary and fundamental stages, and that education shall be directed to the full development of the human personality and to the strengthening of respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms. Yet, according to the Right to Education Project, 69 million children are still out of school and more than 700 million children worldwide cannot read (New Tactics in). This lack of education issue began when the UN General Assembly adopted the Convention on the Rights of the Child, which,†¦show more content†¦Although using non-profit organizations to aid developing countries will help children access and advance in their education, it will delay the goal of universal primary education for all, achieving it later than expecte d. For example, as these non-profit organizations hurry to get children into the classroom, there is too little focus on the quality of the education. The curricula often lack clear targets, are overloaded with subjects, do not meet the learning needs of the children, ignore cultural and regional factors, and put across distorted or stereotypical images of male and female social roles. Other frequently encountered problems are a failure to bring teaching times and curricula into line with the everyday lives of children and outdated teaching methods. Group work, independent learning, critical thought and problem solving, the use of new technologies, and the development of life skills tend to be neglected. As a result, pupils lack the crucial knowledge and skills that will later give them the confidence to make their way in the labor market (The Situation in). In addition to disregarding the quality of the education, using non-profit organizations to aid developing countries will crea te problems in the education system. For example, as the organizations help assist these developing

Anorexia Nervosa Research Paper - 733 Words

Prevalence of anorexia nervosa (AN) continues to be on the rise. AN has the highest lethality of all psychiatric conditions; its chronicity is due to high levels of psychiatric morbidity, common relapse, unknown etiology, and great variability in the course of illness and final outcome (Guarda, 2008). Characterized by pathological food-restraining behaviors, intense fear of gaining weight, and distorted perceptions of one’s body weight and size (Hooley, Butcher, Nock, Mineka, 2016), this paper will examine the etiology, assessment, prognosis, and treatment of anorexia nervosa. Etiology Although research is still ongoing regarding the actual causative mechanisms for AN, biological and socio-cultural models as well as individual factors†¦show more content†¦These genetic and biological predispositions are also thought to maintain the illness and determine the severity and chronicity of AN (Woerwag-Mehta Treasure, 2008). Socio-cultural Factors Predisposing social factors include, isolation, at-risk occupations for AN (athlete or ballet dancing), abuse, overprotective parenting, and attachment difficulties (Woerwag-Mehta Treasure, 2008). Perpetuating factors include family dynamics (pattern of interaction, communication style), maladaptive parenting behavior, and highly expressed criticisms (Woerwag-Mehta Treasure, 2008). These social risk factors for AN are precipitated by stressful life events or cultural values (Woerwag-Mehta Treasure, 2008). Current social norms that present an exaggerated emphasis on excessive thinness have a large influence on the etiology of AN than any other factor. There is no denying the influence that the media continues to have on the development of AN. Countless studies on the changes of ideal body standards portrayed in the media over time in western society have trended towards thinner and thinner body ideals; there is observed to be aShow MoreRelatedâ€Å" Anorexia Nervosa † Research Paper3155 Words   |  13 Pagesâ€Å" ANOREXIA NERVOSA † INTRODUCTION Most of us have heard at least one story of an emaciated teen age girl who starves herself because she’s convinced she’s fat. But despite anorexia’s TV – talk show familiarity, misconceptions about it abound. As a result, many sufferers can often go moths or even years before someone notices that they’re sick and steers them toward help. Some teenage girls go through this kind of disorder at different times of their lives. This kind of illnessRead MoreAnorexia Nervos A Serious Physical And Emotional Illness Essay1521 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction What is anorexia? According to Merriam-Webster, anorexia is defined as, â€Å"A serious physical and emotional illness in which an abnormal fear of being fat leads to very poor eating habits and dangerous weight loss† (Anorexia, Merriam-Webster). Or in other words, those who suffer from anorexia have a fear of being fat, so they consume little to no food. Anorexia is also linked to the anorexia nervosa, which is an illness that can potentially be a life threatening eating disorder causedRead MoreEating Disorders : Anorexia Nervosa1493 Words   |  6 PagesHDFS 408 Hernandez Illness Paper – Anorexia Nervosa February 28, 2016 According to the Mayo Clinic (2016), eating disorders are â€Å"conditions related to persistent eating behaviors that negatively impact your health, your emotions, and your ability to function in important areas of life.† One such eating disorder is anorexia nervosa. Not to be confused with anorexia, which is simply a general loss of appetite that can be attributed to many medical ailments, anorexia nervosa is a serious eating disorderRead MoreEating Disorders And Young Women1674 Words   |  7 Pagessustain their normal body functions. Such persons can equally be obsessed with thoughts of food and exercises, an aspect that may result in them having distorted bodies. Millions of American citizens suffer from eating disorders such as anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa and binge eating, as well as eating disorders that are not otherwise specified (EDNOS). The most worrying concern nonetheless, is the fact that close to 90% of those suffering from eating disorders are adolescent s and young women, theRead MoreThe Hidden Causes and Effects of Anorexia and Bulimia781 Words   |  3 Pages The Hidden Causes and Effects of Anorexia and Bulimia There two general types of eating disorders Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa. There is also Anorexic Bulimics. The first type and the subtype is anorexics and the bulimic anorexics. From research shown in the article, Cognitive Styles of Patients with Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa, AN patients (Anorexia Nervosa) Patients have weight loss due to pure diet. Also there are those in the subtype AB (Anorexic Bulimics), â€Å"alsoRead More The Prevalence Of Anorexia Nervosa, Bulimia Nervosa, And Binge Eating Disorder1723 Words   |  7 PagesThe Prevalence Of Anorexia Nervosa, Bulimia Nervosa, And Binge Eating Disorder How prevalent is anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and other eating disorders? Without the knowledge of research, one is likely to think eating disorders are quite prevalent in society today. However, research proves that eating disorders, in general, are not as prevalent as one might think without any knowledge of the subject. Prevalence of an eating disorder refers to the number of cases of an eating disorderRead MoreA Research On Schizophrenia And Anorexia Nervosa1269 Words   |  6 Pages permanent, or heritable. In my chosen paper, the researchers are looking into how the social environment can ‘get into the mind’ in a way that results in psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia, major depressive disorder (MDD), post-dramatic stress disorder (PTSD), anorexia nervosa, and substance dependence. Even though the review article covers five types of mental disorders, I’m going to focus on schizophrenia and anorexia nervosa. Overtime, research has shown a robus t relation between theRead MoreAnorexia Nervos A Serious Disease996 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction Anorexia nervosa is a very serious disease that involves the mind and the body. This paper will describe the disease itself, signs and symptoms, diagnostic measures, treatment and complications, and nursing considerations. After reading this paper the reader will be more knowledgeable about the disease and how to acknowledge patients who are suffering with anorexia nervosa and treat them accordingly. Body Anorexia nervosa, otherwise known as fat phobia, is a disease that can be describedRead MoreBackground History of Anorexia Nervosa1452 Words   |  6 PagesHISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF ANOREXIA NERVOSA Anorexia nervosa’s (AN) first descriptions began during the twelfth and thirteenth century with the historical Saint Catherine of Siena (Deans, 2011). It is related to participating in religious functions and medieval practices of self-starvation (Deans, 2011). Furthermore, the death of popular singer, Karen Carpenter in 1983 created the societal awareness about the effect of anorexia nervosa and become widely known at the end of the twentieth century (RaderRead MoreSymptoms And Signs Of Eating Disorders1133 Words   |  5 Pages People who suffer from an eating disorder are sometimes or to be fair always get the attention of media. That’s simply because such diseases are hard or difficult to be treated and they get to be a big point of interest and they receive the research attention. So what are eating disorders? And what are the symptoms and signs of an eating disorder? Well, an eating disorder is a definite disturbance of eating habits or weight-control behavior and it’s not a secondary due to any disorder. Over the

Should the Driving Age Be Raised Free Essays

Do you think the teen driving age should be raised? Most of society thinks that it should. There have been tons of evidence to encourage that the driving age should be raised. In 2008, 2,739 teen drivers were killed and 228,000 were injured in an accident. We will write a custom essay sample on Should the Driving Age Be Raised? or any similar topic only for you Order Now Some reasons for this are because teens become more reckless with age. They also get distracted without much difficulty. How much do you know about teen driving laws? There are multiple laws out in the world to help teens drive safer. If you are a parent to a teen help them make the right choices and drive safe. A lot of teens become more reckless while driving as they get older. This is because the teens become over-confident in their driver abilities. Studies show that 75 percent of teens are confident in their driving skills. Also 71 percent of those teens use a phone while driving. Teens in the 12th grade have been involved in more than half of the crashed containing teens. Mike Sample, who is lead driver-safety consultant at Liberty Mutual, said â€Å"Older teens are still inexperienced drivers — even if they feel otherwise.† Most of the time teens get confident they can drive while texting because they have done it before and don’t see the harm in it. Teens also get distracted really easy. This is because they are still at the stage when their brain is still developing and their attention span is not that large. They get distracted by their phone, other passengers, things that are happening outside of the car, and when a teen is frustrated or have other strong emotions that can cause a teen to drive recklessly. Some precautions that you can take to help your teen drive safe are influencing them to turn off the notifications on their phone, not always driving with friends, and also driving with them. As a parent you should talk to your teen about safe driving. There have been numerous teenage driving laws that have been placed to help teens drive safer. It all comes down to the fact if they want to follow it and if it is enforced. One law that has been placed are that teens must meet certain requirements before they can get a license. There is also another one that is very helpful and that is teens can not drive with other teenagers. These laws became in effect around the 1990’s but have also attributed to 30 percent decrease in highway crashes. Parents all around the U.S. should introduce their kids to these laws and help compel their teens to follow them. Some people many not agree with the driving age being raised, some think it is a fantastic idea because teenagers have overall the highest crash rate. â€Å"The most dangerous two years of your life are between the ages 16 and 17, and the reason for that is driving,† said Nicole Morris. As there have been some improvements there has also been some downfall. Such as teens that do not want to follow the new 16-17 driving laws wait until they are 18 so they don’t have to go through all of the training and safety lessons. You should always enforce driving laws to protect teen lives. Do you think the road is safe with teens driving without any regard for their safety or others safety? How to cite Should the Driving Age Be Raised?, Papers

Leading in Contemporary Organizations International HRM

Question: Describe about Leading in Contemporary Organizations of International HRM. Answer: Introduction Diversity in the workplace refers as different variety of people or employees within the organisation. The diversity issue within the organisation mainly varies due to the gender, race, ethnic group, education, culture, background of the people. From the several market surveys it can be observed that diversity not only engages how individuals observe themselves, other than how the individuals distinguish other people. Those points of view of the people affect their connections and the relationship. For a broad variety of employees to function efficiently as an association, human resource experts or managers require to contract efficiently with matters such as adaptability communication, and alteration. To maintain the success of the organisation workplace diversity is quite effective task for any organisation and their management team (Albrecht, 2001). To get an effective observation about the workplace diversity and impact of contemporary leadership in the organisation the researche r obtain one of the most leading supermarket giants of UK Tesco PLC. With the help of workplace diversity the organisation can effectively increase their adaptability among the employees and it provides wider service range in the organisation. Background of the organisation Tesco PLC is one of the largest supermarket chains in the UK market. The organisation has operated almost 12 countries all over the world. To expand their business in the worldwide market the organisation depends on supermarket, hypermarket and superstore products. According to the recent market survey it can be observed that, Tesco has approximately 500000 numbers of people across the globe. To manage the employees within the organisation the leaders or the managers of the organisation needs to develop a well build leadership strategies in their job role to control over them (Amaram, 2011). Due to the huge number of employees in the organisation and due to the several employees came from various region of the world with different culture, different background of studies, different race and gender the management needs to control on the diversity issues in the organisation for their better performance in the retail market place. Issues within the organisation The main issues in the organisation like Tesco Plc are the diversity issues in their workplace. For getting effective outcomes in the business the organisation or the management of the Tesco Plc needs to aware about some diversity management program for their better performance in the workplace. Due to the various culture people in the workplace and different gender, race and academic background of the employees it harms the work culture and work environment in the workplace (Batten, 1992). To mitigate those issues the contemporary leaders of the organisation needs to adopt better leadership strategies in their business to make healthier relation with the and among the employees. For lack of communication problem in the organisation the employees faces several problems like not sharing the information within the workplace, inequality and partiality etc, which leads dreadful scenario in the work environment (Darden, n.d.). Importance of managerial communication with employees According to the present scenario, it can be said that, due to the lack of employee manager communication the organisation has faces several issues which is related concerning with the diversity problem in their business (GRENSING-POPHAL, 1997). To mitigate the issues regarding diversity the leaders or the managers of the organisation needs to be more communicative with the employees. By the help of proper communication with the employees it can enhance the performance of the employees and they can share their opinion without any hesitation (GroÃÅ'ˆschl, 2011). Due to the diversity issues in the retail chain market like Tesco the employees of the organisation cannot share their ideas and openness with their team leaders or the managers which can bring lack of performance. To mitigate the issues from the organisation the management or the managers needs to communicate with the employees in formal or informal ways to enhance their confidence in their job role (Gwele, 2009). By com municating well with the employee the managers of the organisation get effective outcomes in several areas such as Better employee relation To maintain effective manager employee relation in the organisation effective communication is very much essential tool for the managers (Williams, 2005). By the help of effective communication the manager can analyse and assess the performance of the employees in the workplace which enhance to make better relation with the managers. Productivity gaining To get more productive outcomes from the employees, management of Tesco mostly relies on the better communication process (Henderson, 1994). By the help of face to face conversation with the employees the manager can understand the lagging areas of the individuals. To reduce the dissatisfying factors from the peoples mind the manager provide effective motivational strategies in their business and open communication process. Better problem solving abilities Open communication makes the employees more comfortable to work in a new and different situation. For a newly joined employee it is not so easy task for them to communicate with the others quite easily (Kikoski and Kikoski, 1996). By the help of managers openness and friendly communication makes them more comfortable in the workplace and it can help the managers to provide more members in their team to solve a critical problem and achieve the desired objectives for the organisation. Globalize their business Tesco is an international retail supermarket chain. To enhance their business in the global market the organisation needs to globalize their business more and more and for globalize the business the organisation needs to recruit more different culture and different society people in their business (Lakmal, n.d.). To make the workplace diversity effective and to make the work culture better the managers needs to be more open in their communication. Skills needed to overcome issues In the successful business operation the management needs to rely on the several tool and techniques to mitigate the workplace diversity from the Tesco. To overcome the diversity related issues in the workplace apart from the effective communication process the organisation needs to adopt better planning of the diversity management and better implication plan. Implication and planning Business directors, keeping in mind the end goal to adequately oversee differing qualities, must have the capacity to arrange and execute an assorted qualities arrangement. This includes mapping out an approach to make gratefulness for differences in all workers in the organisation (McMahon, 2011). A few strategies exist to help the managers to address those issues. An assorted quality withdraws similarly permits representatives to become acquainted with each other and build up gratefulness for each other outside of work place. By select a diverse quality employees in the organisation can build different cultural aspects in the organisation which can enhance the work environment, for implementing more cultural diversity in the organisation. In a perfect world, these individuals have to work for the organization and volunteer for the undertaking. As a major aspect of their responsibility, the individuals needs to go to differences association or different seminar for the diversity man agement programme on more than one occasion a year and keep the employees learned and open to mix their qualities. Resolution skills A key apparatus to overseeing working environment differences is the capacity to handle strife. Contradictions that emerge due to social contrasts must be taken care of quickly and quickly as to not diminish profitability in the work environment (Morgan and VaÃÅ' rdy, 2006). Be objective. At the point when examining a contradiction, be reasonable, objective and verifiable all the while. Get some information about what happened and take notes as needs be. Get to the base of the issue and, rather than setting all faults on one individual, ensure every individual knows the significance of tolerating everybody and valuing their part in the workplace. Possible options for developing the skills needed in the managers perspective To develop skills to mitigate the diversity issues in the workplace the managers of the organisation needs to develop effective leadership strategies in their business operation. To make an effective outcome for the diversity related issues within the organisation the managers needs to adopt better leadership theories in their job role (Nickens and Smedley, 2001). To develop a better understanding in the workplace and to get positive outcomes in the organisation the managers have to depend on two leadership theories such as: The trait theory of leadership In this trait theory the leaders or the managers are mainly focused on the task based activities. According to the situation the individuals alter their leadership styles. To mitigate the diversity issues in the workplace this theory implication is quite essential for the managers for their better outcomes in the workplace. To reduce the gender inequality, racism, adjustment in the organisation this theory helps the managers to develop their skills and openness to experience better performance in their job role (Pollitt, 2006). With the help of modern trait theory the managers of the organisation like Tesco can increase their adaptability and it could supply the several of solutions for the diversity mitigation plan. The Behavioural theory of leadership To manage people in the organisation the managers needs good personality. According to the behavioural theory of leadership the leaders or the managers can understand their confidence level and strong personality enhancement skills in their responsibility. To mitigate the diversity related issues within the workplace the managers needs to be stronger in personality and they needs to have positive ego to analyse their self efficiency level in the organisation (Schyns and Meindl, 2005). To influence other in the organisation the manager needs better motivational skills in their behaviour by which they can attract and help the employees to communicate well with them. Proper and effective communication process can mitigate the diversity issues in the large scale organisation like Tesco. Apart from the different leadership style and theory implication the managers needs to provide effective seminar and training development programme on the basis of diversity management plans in the organisation. Recommendation After analysing all the factors from this report, the researcher can recommended that, offering diversity awareness training programme for the employees could enhance their performance and increase the work environment better for the organisation. Exploit some staff meetings and different employee assemblies as an occasion to highlight the significance of open-mindedness in the workplace and the understanding of dissimilarities. Present written information and cyclic emails can encourage workers to realize the diversity of the organisation (Walton, 1994). These administrator postures will build it obvious that employees are waiting for to training open-mindedness in their job role. Top of the organisation make measuring and estimating their diversity procedure an essential fraction of their business system. A customizable worker fulfilment review can achieve this measurement for Tesco PLC professionally and expediently. Conclusion From the above study it can be concluded that diversity related issues can harm the fruitful business procedure for the organisation and as a manager or a leader, the individual needs to aware about the diversity management plan in his mind. To manage the diversity issues in Tesco the manager needs to communicate properly in formal and informal way with the employees in the workplace. In this study the researcher has concluded that attitude of openness among the employees and the managers can mitigate the diversity issues within the organisation. By promoting effective leadership theories implication in the organisation can be benefited to achieve the short term and long term objectives for the company. References Albrecht, M. (2001). International HRM. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishers. Amaram, D. (2011). Cultural Diversity: Implications For Workplace Management. JDM, 2(4), p.1. Batten, E. (1992). Diversity in the high-tech workplace: forums for diversity. IEEE Spectr., 29(6), pp.27-29. Darden, D. (n.d.). Diversity in the Workplace. SSRN Electronic Journal. GRENSING-POPHAL, L. (1997). Dealing with diversity in the workplace. Nursing, 27(9), p.78. GroÃÅ'ˆschl, S. (2011). Diversity in the workplace. Burlington, Vt.: Gower. Gwele, N. (2009). Diversity management in the workplace: beyond compliance. curationis, 32(2). Henderson, G. (1994). Cultural diversity in the workplace. Westport, Conn.: Quorum Books. Jackson, S. (1992). Diversity in the workplace. New York: Guilford Press. Kikoski, J. and Kikoski, C. (1996). Reflexive communication in the culturally diverse workplace. Westport, Conn.: Quorum Books. Lakmal, D. (n.d.). Managing the Challenge of Generational Diversity in the Workplace. SSRN Electronic Journal. McMahon, A. (2011). Does Workplace Diversity Matter? A Survey Of Empirical Studies On Diversity And Firm Performance, 2000-09. JDM, 5(2). Morgan, J. and VaÃÅ' rdy, F. (2006). Diversity in the workplace. [Washington, D.C.]: International Monetary Fund, IMF Institute. Nickens, H. and Smedley, B. (2001). The right thing to do, the smart thing to do. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press. Pollitt, D. (2006). Diversity in the workforce. Bradford, England: Emerald Group Pub. Schyns, B. and Meindl, J. (2005). Implicit leadership theories. Greenwich, Conn.: Information Age Pub. Walton, S. (1994). Cultural diversity in the workplace. Burr Ridge, Ill.: Irwin Professional Pub./Mirror Press. Williams, M. (2005). Leadership for leaders. London: Thorogood.

The Role of Slavery in Roman Comedy free essay sample

A Greek comedic playwright named Menander wrote a play with the same title. Since Menander’s version is lost, historians aren’t sure how original Terence’s version is. We can suspect that at least some of Terence’s version is merely a translation or a very slightly edited form of Menander’s. One of the most recurring themes in Greek and Roman Theater is that of the master and the slave. Almost every play by Plautus contained â€Å"the cunning slave† who outwitted or ridiculed his master’s action. George Duckworth described this relationship saying, â€Å"It is hardly possible that in real life ancient slaves had as much freedom as the slaves of Roman comedy, nor could they have been as outspoken and as impudent,† (Duckworth 288). Themes such as this sought to diminish the harsh reality of slavery and racism through comedy. Because Plutarch and Terence depicted slaves more as free men than as prisoners, their comedies fought the traditional ideas of slavery and discrimination. We will write a custom essay sample on The Role of Slavery in Roman Comedy or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Before discussing slavery in Roman plays, it is important to know the customs of the Roman Theater. All Roman citizens attended the theater for free, because either the city funded the play, or a wealthy, individual citizen paid for the production. These individuals might be running for an upcoming election, so they provided entertainment to the Roman people to gain favor with them. The better the play, the better their reputation would be. In general, the Romans of the time, combat and bloodshed were of the utmost desires for entertainment. The more realistic and gruesome the event, the more they enjoyed themselves. At the time, women were not allowed to have roles in the theater, and in the beginning stages of Roman Theater, women could not even attend the productions. Young boys played the female roles instead. But most interestingly, slaves usually made up the entire cast of a Roman production. There are twenty surviving plays written by Plautus. The first instance of a slave acting out of character is in the play Captivi. In this play, Philopolemus, an Aetolian is captured and sold into slavery under an Elean doctor. His father, Hegio proceeds to buy many Elean slaves to trade for his son. He ends up buying a well-known Elean named Philocrates, who is accompanied by his own slave, Tyndarus. Hegio plans to send the master back to Elis to facilitate the trade. But Tyndarus and Philocrates switched identities, which would have caused the deal to fall through. Hegio is infuriated, and orders Tyndarus to the quarries. David Konstan explains the theme of this play as, â€Å"the conflict between a stern, conventional father and a son driven to defiance by the irresistible force of erotic passion. A common figure in these plays is the household slave, who risks the displeasure of his senior master†¦in order to advance the amatory interests of the junior,† (Konstan 59). Instead of the general storyline, Philocrates is the senior master because he is the original owner of Tyndarus. Hegio is the junior master because he has only recently obtained Tyndarus. Hegio still holds all power over Tyndarus, though, and this act of defiance would normally be punished with death for the perpetrator. Instead, Hegio is convinced by Tyndarus that his actions were purely out of loyalty, and not to offend Hegio. Hegio respects this and decides to let him live. Another famous play by Plautus that contains the role of the cunning slave who is not punished justly is Rudens. Gripus, the slave of a poor man that lives on the coast comes across a treasure chest while fishing, and dreams of what he will do with his spoils, explaining that he will buy his freedom and become a tyrant with his immense wealth. Another slave, Trachalio comes along, though, and claims that if Gripus doesn’t split the treasure with him, then he will report Gripus to the original owner of the treasure. Gripus argues that the treasure is his because the sea belongs to no one, and consequently that which is recovered from the sea belongs to the finder. Trachalio suggests they settle the argument by talking to Gripus’ owner Daemones. Daemones sides with Trachalio, who wanted the treasure not for himself, but for the original owner, Palaestra. Daemones then chides Gripus for his selfishness, â€Å"Daemones angrily sends him into the house and complains about the poor quality of slaves; luckily, he reflects, Gripus didn’t meet another like himself, or both would have been implicated in the crime,† (Konstan 84). Trachalio is the cunning slave in this example, and he, like Tyndarus, is not motivated by selfish reasons, but by doing what is right. This is the reason why the cunning slave is celebrated in Roman Theater. Duckworth describes the attitude of this slave as, â€Å"the freedom and insolence of the comic slaves, their immunity from serious punishment, their happy-go-luck existence†¦combine to paint a picture of slave life that bears little relation to reality,† (Duckworth 290). In his essay entitle Comic Shackles, Ulrike Roth elaborates on this point saying, â€Å"But Geta’s concern is not evidence for the employment of chained labour on the land. Both Plautus and Terence, then, do not employ the image of the chained slave for work on the land of Roman slave owners,† (Roth). The slaves don’t actually suffer any torture throughout the course of the productions. In reality, the Roman master surely would have punished his slave for even the most minor mistakes, just to keep his reputation as a man in power. Duckworth says that, â€Å"however much the slaves of comedy refer to whips and chains, to the mill and the quarry and the cross, they seldom experience them in the plays. The frequent use by slaves of epithets like mastigia, furcifer, uerbero, verbereum caput, as terms of banter or abuse does not mean that the slaves are necessarily referring to punishments which they or their fellow-slaves have themselves undergone,† (Duckworth 290). Plautus and Terence do not want to show the truth about slavery of the time in their productions. This may be so that they didn’t insult anyone by generalizing what â€Å"most† Romans did. If a play was poorly received, then the citizen who invested in the production would likely destroy the name of the playwright. Duckworth explains that, â€Å"when the intrigue is directed against a pompous soldier or a rascally leno, the slave’s machinations have the approval of the other characters and the sympathy of the spectators. Such trickery is successful and there is no question of punishment,† (Duckworth 288). When the audience is on the side of the trickster, there is no need for punishment in the eyes of the audience. This technique is essential in Roman theater. It makes the slave, a degenerate type in the eyes of most Romans, the hero of the play; an integral part in the outcome of the story. Just like in Miles Gloriosus. Plautus writes about the character of Palaestrio as another example of this motif. He plots and schemes against his new master Pyrgopolynices in order to return the kidnapped Philocomasium to his former master, Pleusicles. Pleusicles hides with an old man next door after receiving a letter from Palaestrio about their location. Palaestrio crafts an opening in the wall so that the girl can visit her true love behind the soldier’s back. The plan almost fails when another slave sees the girl with another man, but through his craftiness Palaestrio manages to convince him it was the girl’s visiting twin sister. He then enlists the help of a courtesan to stand in for the neighbour’s wife and seduces the soldier so he will set the girl free. The ruse is successful, and Palaestrio escapes with his old master and the girl. The freedom that Palaestrio has in this play is something to be desired by all slaves. The fact that he could find paper to write a letter to his master in secret and that he could even write at all is hard to imagine of a slave during this time period. But his defiance of the unjust soldier Pyrgopolynices is admired by the audience because he is one of the main characters. This depiction of the life of a slave is not one of reality, but it does make for good entertainment. The pardoning of slaves and the cunning slave are two important motifs in Roman theater. Duckworth states, â€Å"Angry threats†¦are not to be taken seriously. They are more useful in portraying the comic aspects of a young man’s impatience or an old man’s wrath than in throwing light upon the relation of master and slave in antiquity,† (Duckworth 289). The slave is usually meant to be a beloved character that either encourages the main character to do what is right or is the main character himself.

Climbing Out of the Wallpaper

Climbing Out of the Wallpaper Free Online Research Papers Can people really climb out of wallpaper? Charlotte Perkins Gilman gives the impression that the narrator does in her short story â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper.† The narrator and her husband (a doctor) vacation in a colonial mansion in order to rid the wife of her depression and anxiety. They bring along the husband’s sister to care for their young son. After going through many psychological conflicts, the wife finally overcomes her fears and anxieties. In the story, the yellow wallpaper and the colonial mansion help build a gloomy and cowardly ambiance. Contrast between the paper and the â€Å"haunted† house depict the narrator’s weakness and anxiety. However, various settings, the husband, and the wallpaper eventually help the narrator to conquer her fears by stripping away layers of societal expectations. With the estate remaining empty for so long and the cheapness of it, the house gives way to mystery and haunting. The narrator states, â€Å"I would say a haunted house† which reflects her concerns in life (513). The â€Å"haunted† house indicates a conflict within herself that she cannot control. She also questions, â€Å"Else, why would it be let so cheaply?† (513). She illustrates a sense of uneasiness being in a strange home; by questioning the price, she suggests that the house is unappealing to others and has an apprehension to it. Provoking negativity on her outlook of life, the â€Å"yellow wallpaper† as she says is, â€Å"pronounced enough to constantly irritate . . . they suddenly commit suicide† (514). The narrator influences and agitates easily. She demonstrates how the wallpaper drives her mad and promotes her depressing self-esteem. Although the narrator’s husband believes that the house is therapeutic, she perceives it as smothering. She said her husband â€Å"meant to repaper the room, but afterwards he said that I was letting it get the better of me, and nothing was worse for a nervous patient than to give way to such fantasies† (515). The yellow wallpaper intensifies the narrator’s diminutive feelings of self-worth and her pessimistic temptations. She considers herself as a burden because she has such nervous tendencies. Since the narrator is unable to provide care to her own son, a small child, her sister in law tends to him, which only increases her nervousness a nd negative feelings of confidence. The doctor does not even allow his wife to perform any of her wifely duties and forces her to nap, or so they think. The doctor’s â€Å"watchful eye† produces a discouraging effect on her. She mentions, â€Å"John has cautioned me not to give way to fancy . . . a nervous weakness like mine is sure to lead to all manner of excited fantasies† (515). While leaving her feeling defenseless and feebler, John does not realize the negative power he has over his wife. In his eyes, he is helping her to overcome her depression and nervousness by discouraging her to write; actually, he is making her feel vulnerable because he is controlling what encompasses her life. Strangely, the growing irritation of the wallpaper causes the wife to turn into a deranged woman. When she â€Å"gives way† to her fantasies and her writing, she becomes unbalanced. She says, â€Å". . . I can see a strange, provoking, formless sort of figure, that seems to skulk about behind that silly and conspicuous front design,† which portrays how she sees herself (516). By being formless, she depicts how she is not of importance. With her husband watching her every move, seeing herself as formless only adds to her insecurity. Slowly, her state of mind becomes growingly unstable as her depression becomes deeper. She states, that she is â€Å"getting dreadfully fretful and querulous. I cry at nothing, and cry most of the time† (517). John sees her crying as a sign of weakness instead of as a relinquishment of torment. She has held anguish inside for so long that she explodes over anything. Why does her husband not see this? Is it because a man does not understand the emotional aspects of a woman, or is it simply in the 1800’s, women were thought of as being frail and inferior? Whatever the case may be, she is reaching out to whoever will help her find her lucidity again. The figure reappearing behind the yellow wallpaper contributes to her realization that she is the one trying to free herself. As her husband is sleeping, she watches the paper until it makes her feel creepy. She whispers, â€Å"The faint figure behind seemed to shake the pattern, just as if she wanted to get out. I . . . went to feel and see if the paper did move . . . â€Å"(518). Climbing back into bed, she awakens John. He then asks, â€Å"What is it little girl?† adding further demeaning to her (518). As she explains, â€Å"I really was not gaining here, and that I wished he would take me away† she is trying to relay to John that although he is a doctor, she is not progressing and she knows what is best for her (519). Eventually, the yellow wallpaper gives her purpose in life; since confined to her room to rest, she makes it her soul purpose to study the paper in search of its meaning. She exclaims, â€Å"I really have discovered something at last,† seeing that she is the woman trapped within the â€Å"wallpaper† (521). Although she says the woman is, â€Å". . . trying to climb through,† she is unable to because the yellow wallpaper is strangling (521). The wife uses strangling to demonstrate suffocation herself because she is unable to make her own decisions. John makes her feel smothered because she is too feeble-minded in his eyes. She also says, â€Å"If those heads were covered or taken off it would not be half so bad† (521). Eradication of the heads allows her to release the strong inner person and grow. Only then is she able to detach herself from her flaws and strip off that revolting shell that surrounds her. When she â€Å"peeled off all the paper† she could reach, she announces her freedom (523). â€Å"I’ve got out at last . . . in spite of you and Jane. And I’ve pulled off most of the paper, so you can’t put me back† (524)! The strong, liberated woman from within finally emerges and stands her ground. â€Å"Now why should that man have fainted? But he did† she asks (524)? According to societal norms in the 1800’s, women should not behave in that manner to their husbands. Charlotte Perkins Gilman illustrates how women can emerge into thriving, independent people by believing in themselves and overpowering social constraints. When people look within themselves and see their true worth, they are able to climb through that wall. Gilman, Charlotte Perkins. â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper.† The Norton Introduction to Literature. 9th ed. Eds. Alison Booth, et al. New York: Norton, 2006. 513-524. Research Papers on Climbing Out of the WallpaperMind TravelArguments for Physician-Assisted Suicide (PAS)Honest Iagos Truth through DeceptionCapital PunishmentThe Masque of the Red Death Room meaningsThe Hockey GameBook Review on The Autobiography of Malcolm XPersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationTrailblazing by Eric Anderson

Wreiter choice Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Wreiter choice - Research Paper Example The effects of media are felt differently in various parameters but there are common effects that will be critically analyzed in this article. The evaluation will therefore incorporate more knowledge into the reader of the article on the absolute effects of media in the society. This article will highlight appropriate issues that an individual should know in the matter of effects of mass media to the society. The influence of media in our lives thus the society as a whole is greatly related to the degree in which an individual interacts with the elements of media on a daily basis. Books are always highly influential because they came first before articles such as magazines, newspapers, and radio. In the 20th century, the television and radio were very influential as they were used in advertisements, marketing and many more. By the 21st century the great influence was from the internet through the worldwide website inform of blogs, social networks, and wikis. First, there should be a distinction between the effects and effectiveness of the mass media. In the capacity to achieve certain objectives whether attracting large audiences or influencing opinion and behavior of individuals. Both of these matters are paramount though there are a different set of consideration relating to each other. The second issue is whether individuals are concerned with the future or past thus this will facilitate their interaction with media to be often due to the search of particular important information. The last point is to know if the effects occur on an individual, group, culture, institution, or the society. In this case the major focus is on the effects and influence on the society (Perse & Elizabeth, 51). The effects of media on the society are always difficult to recognize because they take long to happen and they are always evolving on a daily